ISikhokelo seMimiselo yoGuqulo oluBalulekileyo yokuThotyelwa koKhuseleko

Ukuqonda iMimiselo yoTshintsho

 

Xa kufikwa kuimimiselo yesiguquli, ukuthobela ayisosiluleko nje;yimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwindawo yokhuseleko lombane.Ukungayihoyi le migangatho kunokubangela iziphumo ezibi, njengoko kubonisiwe ngophando olubonisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yokusilela kwe-transformer ivela kwimiba enxulumene noyilo, ukuveliswa, izixhobo, okanye ukufakela.Ngaphaya koko, izenzo zolondolozo ezingafanelekanga zidlala indima enkulu kolu kusilela.Ke ngoko, ukuqonda imingcipheko enxulumene nokungathobeli kugxininisa imfuneko yesikhokelo esipheleleyo kwizinto ezibalulekileyo.imimiselo yesiguquli.

 

Isishwankathelo seMimiselo yoTshintsho

Ukubaluleka kokuThobela

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwaimimiselo yesiguquliibalulekile kwiukukhusela ubomi kunye nempahla.Ngokuthobela le migangatho, abantu kunye nemibutho banegalelo ekugcineni indawo ekhuselekileyo apho iinkqubo zombane zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka.Ukubeka phambili ukuthotyelwa akuphelisi imingcipheko kuphela kodwa kukwakhuthaza inkcubeko yoxanduva kukhuseleko lombane.

Amaqumrhu oLawulo aPhambili

Amaqumrhu alawulayo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusekeni nasekunyanzeliseniimimiselo yesiguquliukugcina imigangatho yoshishino kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza.Imibutho efana ne-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEEE) baphambili ekusekeni izikhokelo ezilawula uyilo lwe-transformer, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwayo.Iiprothokholi zabo ezingqongqo zisebenza njengeentsika ezixhasa imfezeko kunye nokusebenza kweenguqu kwihlabathi liphela.

 

ImiGaqo neMigangatho ethile

UL,CUL, VDE, CEImigangatho

Ukuthobela imigangatho eyaziwayo njenge-Underwriters Laboratories (UL), iCanadian Standards Association (CUL), Verband der Elektrotechnik (VDE), kunye neConformité Européenne (CE) ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwe-transformer.Le migangatho ichaza iimfuno ezithile ekufuneka i-transformer ihlangabezane nazo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho.

ISO9001 Iimfuno

Ukubandakanya i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) imigaqo yolawulo lwekhwalithi kwimisebenzi ye-transformer ibalulekile ekufezekiseni umgangatho ohambelanayo kunye nokuphucula ukwaneliseka kwabathengi.Ukuthobela iimfuno ze-ISO 9001 kugxininisa ukuzinikela kombutho ekuziseni iimveliso ezithembekileyo ezihlangabezana nemigaqo yolawulo.

 

IMimiselo yoTshintsho kwiMimandla eyahlukeneyo

amantla Emelika

Imbonakalo yomhlaba elawulayo eMntla Melika ibandakanya iseti yemigaqo eyahlukeneyo ejolise ekukhuthazeni ukhuseleko lombane kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo.Ukuqonda ama-nuances engingqi ngundoqo ekuhambeni kwiwebhu entsonkothileyo yeimimiselo yesiguqulingempumelelo.

IYurophu

IYurophu inesakhelo esomeleleyo semimiselo eyilelwe ukungqamanisa izenzo zokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa ngaphakathi kwingingqi.Ukuthobela imiyalelo yaseYurophu kuqinisekisa ukuba abaguquli bahlangabezana neendlela ezingqongqo zokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.

EAsia

Imarike yaseAsia ibonelela ngemingeni ekhethekileyo malunga nayoimimiselo yesiguquli, ifuna ukuqonda okubanzi kwemithetho yasekhaya kunye neemfuno ezingqale kushishino.Ukuziqhelanisa nezikhokelo zolawulo e-Asiya kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi engenamthungo phakathi kobu bume bezoqoqosho.

 

ImiGangatho yoKhuseleko ePhambili

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwiukwakhiwa kwe-transformer, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela iingozi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.Ukubambelela kwimigangatho yoshishino efanaI-NFPA 70kwayeUmgangatho we-IEEE C57.98ibeka isiseko seendlela ezikhuselekileyo zofakelo lwe-transformer.

 

ImiGangatho yoKhuseleko kuLwakhiwo

INFPA 70

• LandelaNFPA 70 izikhokelongobuchule ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-transformer.
• Sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokumisa ukuthintela iingozi zombane.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zokugquma ukugcina imfezeko yokusebenza.

Umgangatho we-IEEE C57.98

• Hlala kwiUmgangatho we-IEEE C57.98kwiinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kuyilo lwesiguquli.
• Qinisekisa ukuba onke amacandelo ayahlangabezana neekhrayitheriya ezingqongqo zomgangatho.
• Ukubeka phambili amanyathelo okhuseleko ngexesha lesigaba sokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.

 

ImiGangatho yoKhuseleko yokuSebenza

NFPA 780

• Hamba ngokweImimiselo yeNFPA 780kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokukhusela umbane.
• Hlola rhoqo kwaye ugcine izixhobo zokukhusela umbane ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
• Yenza uhlolo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko.

NFPA 850

• PhumezaNFPA 850 iingcebisoukwenzela ukhuseleko lomlilo olwandisiweyo kwii-transformers.
• Faka iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokucima umlilo ezisekelwe kwizikhokelo zeNFPA.
• Ukubeka iliso kwi-oyile ezaliswe yi-oyile ukukhusela iingozi ezinokubakho zomlilo.

 

ImiGangatho yoKhuseleko yoLondolozo

Izikhokelo zoHlolo

• Landela ngokubanziizikhokelo zokuhlolaukuchonga imiba enokubakho kwangethuba.
• Qwalasela amanqanaba eoli, ukudityaniswa, kunye nemeko ye-transformer jikelele.
• Lungisa naziphi na iziphazamiso ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela umonakalo ongaphaya.

IiProthokholi zoLondolozo

• Misela ukomelelaiiprothokholi zolondolozoesekwe kwiindlela zokusebenza ezingcono kushishino.
• Yenza iimvavanyo zesiqhelo zokuhlalutya ioyile ukuvavanya imeko yokugquma (I-Insulation Power Factor).
• Lawula utshintsho kwiukumelana nokugqumaamanqanaba rhoqo (I-Insulation Resistance) njengenxalenye yamanyathelo okukhusela okukhusela.

Ngokuthobela ngokungqongqo le migangatho yokhuseleko, imibutho inokunciphisa imingcipheko ehambelana nokusebenza kwe-transformer kunye nokuqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kubasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokulondoloza.

 

Uvavanyo kunye noLondolozo

 

Ukubaluleka koVavanyo lwarhoqo

Uvavanyo lwarhoqo ngumba osisiseko weukugcinwa kwe-transformereqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.Ngokuqhuba iimvavanyo zesiqhelo, imibutho inokuchonga imiba enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba inyuke ibe kukungaphumeleli okubalulekileyo.Ubuninzi bezi mvavanyo kufuneka bulungelelaniswe nobukhulu be-transformer kunye nokubaluleke kakhulu, ukulungelelaniswa nezona ndlela zilungileyo zoshishino ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.

 

Iintlobo zovavanyo

1. UHlolo Olubonwayo: Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kusebenza njengesixhobo sokuqala sokuxilonga esiza ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo.Le ndlela ivumela abasebenzi bokulondoloza ukuba bahlole ngokubonakalayo imeko ye-transformer, ukuchonga naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo zokugqoka, umonakalo, okanye ukungaqhelekanga.
2. Uvavanyo lwe-oyile: Uvavanyo lwe-oyile yinkqubo ebalulekileyo evavanya umgangatho kunye nemeko yeoli ye-insulating ngaphakathi kwe-transformer.Ngokuhlalutya iisampulu zeoyile ngamaxesha athile, imibutho inokubona ungcoliseko, amanqanaba omswakama, kunye nezalathisi zokuthotywa ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza komguquli.
3. Ukuskena nge-infrared: Ukuskena kwe-infrared yindlela engasebenziyo esetyenziselwa ukukhangela iindawo ezitshisa kakhulu okanye ukusabalalisa ubushushu obungaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ze-transformer.Lo mlinganiso wokuthintela unceda ekuchongeni imiba enokubakho enxulumene nokuqhagamshelwa kombane okanye ukuqhawuka kobushushu.

 

Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zeTransformer

Ukuxhathisa Ukugquma

Uvavanyo lokumelana nokuvunguza luyimfuneko ekuhloleni ingqibelelo yee-windings ze-transformer.Ngokulinganisa amaxabiso okumelana, amaqela olondolozo anokuvavanya ukuqhubeka kombane kunye nokuchonga nayiphi na i-anomalies engakhokelela ekugqithiseni okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Uvavanyo lweMegger

Uvavanyo lwe-Megger, olukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokumelana nokugquma, luvavanya iipropathi zokugquma kwee-winding ze-transformer.Olu vavanyo lunceda ekubhaqeni nakuphi na ukonakaliswa kobushushu okanye imisinga evuzayo enokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko nokusebenza kwesiguquli.

I-Transformer ijika umlinganiselo

Uvavanyo lomlinganiselo wokutshintsha kweTransformer luqinisekisa umyinge wokujika phakathi kwamajiko aphambili kunye nawesibini.Ukwahluka kwireyishini yokujika kungabonisa iziphene ezinjengokujika okufutshane okanye ukujika okujikajikayo, ukuqaqambisa iindawo ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo.

Umthwalo-Ilahleko Test

Uvavanyo lokulahlekelwa ngumthwalo lubandakanya ukufaka umthwalo kwi-transformer kunye nokulinganisa ilahleko phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza.Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-transformer ngokuvavanya ilahleko yamandla ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo, ukubonelela ngengqiqo ekusebenzeni kwayo jikelele.

Ukuvuza uvavanyo

Uvavanyo lokuvuza lwenziwa ukujonga ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukuvuza kwi-oyile ye-oyile eguquguqukayo enokuthi ibangele ilahleko yeoli okanye ungcoliseko.Ukubona ukuvuza kwangethuba kuthintela iingozi zokusingqongileyo kwaye kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-transformer.

 

Iindlela zoVavanyo oluPhezulu

I-oyileUhlalutyo lwegesi echithiweyo

Uhlalutyo lwerhasi enyibilikisiweyo yi-oyile yindlela ephucukileyo esetyenziselwa ukujonga iigesi ezinyityilisiweyo kwi-oyile yokugquma.Ngokuhlalutya ugxininiso lwegesi, iingcali zolondolozo ziyakwazi ukubona iimpazamo zokuqala ezifana nokushisa, i-arcing, okanye ukukhutshwa okuyingxenye ngaphakathi kwe-transformer.

I-Insulation Power Factor

Uvavanyo lwamandla e-Insulation luvavanya ilahleko ye-dielectric kwizinto zokugquma ezisetyenziswa kwiziguquli.Ukubeka iliso kutshintsho kumaxabiso ezinto zamandla ngokuhamba kwexesha kunceda ekuvavanyeni imeko yokugquma kunye nokuqikelela ukusilela okunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke.

I-Insulation Resistance

Uvavanyo lokumelana ne-insulation lulinganisa ukuxhathisa okunikezelwa ngezinto zokugquma ngokuchasene nokuhamba kwangoku.Olu vavanyo luchonga nabuphi na ubuthathaka okanye ukuwohloka kwengqibelelo yokugquma, okwenza ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo okugcina ukhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nemigangatho yokuthembeka.

 

Ukufakela kunye nokusebenza

 

Izikhokelo zoFakelo

Ukufakela i-transformer kubandakanya ukulandela ngokuchanekileyoizikhokeloukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwinkqubo yombane.Ukuqonda indima yecandelo ngalinye kubalulekile kufakelo oluyimpumelelo, ukuqala ngaloukujonga i-KVAokanye umthwalo we-MVA ukuthintela ukulayisha ngaphezulu.Ukugcinwa kweTransformerigxininisa kwiukubeka esweni amanqanaba eolikunye nokuthintela ukungena komswakama, ukukhusela ixesha elide le-transformer.

• Jonga i-KVAokanye umthwalo we-MVA kwi-transformer ngaphambi kokufakwa.
• Rekhoda umthwalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awudluli umthamo we-transformer.
• Gada amanqanaba e-oyile rhoqo ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kakuhle.
• Thintela ukufuma ekungeneni kwitanki ukunqanda imiba yokusebenza.

Iingcebiso zokuCoca

Iingcebiso zokucoca zibalulekile kuzo zombini iifakelo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zee-transformers.Kwii-transformers ezizaliswe ngamanzi ezibekwe ngaphandle, izikhokelo ezithile kufuneka zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Iziguquli zodidi olomileyo ezifakwe ngaphakathi zifuna isithuba esaneleyo sokungena komoya kunye nokufikelela kugcino.

• Landela izincomo zokucocwa kweziguquli zangaphandle ezizaliswe lulwelo.
• Qinisekisa isithuba esifanelekileyo phakathi kwee-transformers zokungenisa umoya.
• Ufakelo lwangaphakathi kufuneka luvumele ukufikelela lula kwimisebenzi yolondolozo.

 

Izikhokelo zokuSebenza

Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-transformer kuxhomekeke ekubambeni ngokungqongqo kwimigaqo yokusebenza ebeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula iiparamitha eziphambili ezifana ne-impedance voltage kunye ne-power factor ibalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ezinzileyo phantsi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo.

• Jonga i-impedance voltage rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza.
• Gcina umbane ozinzileyo wokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
• PhumezaNEMAImigangatho ye-ICS yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo.

Ukubeka iliso kunye noLawulo

Ukubek'esweni iiparamitha ze-transformer kubalulekile ekuthinteleni imiba enokubakho enokukhokelela ekusileleni okanye kukungasebenzi kakuhle.Ukuvavanya rhoqo amanqanaba esandi esivakalayo kunokubonisa ukungaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni, okubangela ukungenelela kwangethuba ukukhusela umonakalo ongakumbi.

"Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kumanqanaba esandi esivakalayo kuqinisekisa ukubonwa kwangaphambili kwezitenxo zokusebenza."

Iinkqubo eziNgxamisekileyo

Ukuseka iinkqubo ezicacileyo ezingxamisekileyo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umngcipheko ngexesha leziganeko ezingalindelekanga.Ukuba neeprothokholi endaweni yeemeko ezifana nokunyuka kwamandla ngequbuliso okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo kwandisa imilinganiselo yokhuseleko ngaphakathi kwiziko, ukukhusela abasebenzi nepropathi ekwenzakaleni.

"Iinkqubo ezichaziweyo zikaxakeka zenza ukuba kuphenduleke ngokukhawuleza ngexesha leemeko ezinzima, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi."

 

IiNkqubo zokuQhuba isantya esilungisekayo

Ukuphunyezwa kweIiNkqubo zokuQhuba isantya esilungisekayoinikeza ulawulo olongeziweyo kwisantya semoto, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.Ukuqonda ukusebenza kweedrive zesantya ezilungelelanisiweyo kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa kugcinwa ukuthembeka kokusebenza.

• Sebenzisa iidrive zesantya ezilungelelanisiweyo ukulawula isantya seemoto ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngokulungelelanisa isantya semoto ngokusekwe kuguquguquka kwemfuno.
• Izicelo zemizi-mveliso zizuza kulawulo oluchanekileyo olubonelelwa ziinkqubo zokuqhuba isantya esilungelelanisiweyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwaimimiselo yesiguqulikubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokuthintela iingozi ezinokubakho.Ukugcinwa rhoqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyoukuchonga nokunciphisa imingcipheko yokhuseleko, ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kunye nokuthintela imililo yombane kunye nokudubula.Ngokuthobela imigaqo engundoqo kunye nemigangatho efanaUL, CUL, VDE, kwayeCE, imibutho inokugcina ingqibelelo yokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.Ukugxininisa imfuneko yokuvavanya rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwe-transformer kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.Ukujonga phambili, ukubeka phambili iinkqubo zokhuseleko kuya kubaluleka ekuziqhelaniseni neendlela ezizayo kwitekhnoloji yokuguqula.